Dutch study
Summary
De nombreux patients atteints de méningiomes intracrâniens ont une qualité de vie liée à la santé (QVLS) et un fonctionnement neurocognitif altérés jusqu’à 4 ans après l’intervention.
Evaluate the long -term morbidity load (≥5 years) of patients with meningioma.
In this multicenter transversal study, patients ≥5 years after intervention (including active surveillance by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) were included and evaluated for -la QVLS (short-form Health Survey 36 or SF-36 test),
- neurocognitive functioning (neuropsychological evaluation),
- anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale),
-Productivity at work (Short Form-Health and Labor Questionnaire).
Multivariable regression analyzes and by propensity score were used to compare patients and witnesses, and the different treatment strategies have been corrected to take into account possible confusion factors. Clinically relevant differences have been reported.
Lors d’un suivi médian de 9 ans après l’intervention, les patients atteints de méningiome (n = 190) ont signalé davantage de limitations dues à des problèmes de santé physiques (différence de 12,5 points, P = 0,008) et émotionnels (13,3 points, P = 0,002) par rapport aux témoins.
Les patients présentaient également un risque accru de souffrir d‘anxiété (rapport des chances ou odds ratio [OR] : 2,6, IC 95 % : 1,2-5,7) et de dépression (OR : 3,7, IC 95 % : 1,3-10,5).
Des déficits neurocognitifs ont été constatés chez 43 % des patients.
Bien que les complications postopératoires, la radiothérapie et la résection aient été associées à une dégradation de la mémoire verbale, de l’attention et des fonctions exécutives par rapport aux patients ayant subi une résection unique, la seule association cliniquement pertinente était celle entre la résection et la dégradation de l’attention (-2,11, IC à 95 % : -3,52 à -0,07).
Patients in working age had less often a paid job (48 %) than the Dutch population of working age (72 %) and reported more obstacles to work than witnesses.
In the long term, a large part of patients with meningioma have an alteration of QVLS, neurocognitive deficits and high levels of anxiety or depression. Patients treated with resection 1 have the best neurocognitive functioning.
Abbreviations
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EORTC QLQ-BN20
European organizational questionnaire for research and treatment of cancer on quality of life specific to the brain
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Hads
Anxiety and hospital depression scale
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QVLS
Quality of health related to health
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Maas
Study on aging in Maastricht
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Mcid
Clinically important minimum differences
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MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
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GOLD
Odds ratio or chances report
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AND
Standard deviation
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SF-HLQ
Health and labor questionnaire
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SF-36
Health survey 36
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Les méningiomes représentent 37 % de toutes les tumeurs cérébrales primaires. La morbidité des méningiomes intracrâniens est principalement due à la compression du tissu cérébral et des nerfs crâniens, ou à des complications liées au traitement (par exemple, une hémorragie). Le traitement primaire de ces tumeurs consiste en une intervention chirurgicale, accompagnée dans certains cas d’une radiothérapie de première intention ou adjuvante.
The 10 -year survival is 82 % for grade I meningiomas of the World Health Organization (WHO).
We could expect that after the decompression of the central nervous tissue, the symptoms be resolved and that the functioning returns to normal in the long term.
Historiquement, les survivants à long terme du méningiome (≥5 ans après l’intervention) qui ont vécu le diagnostic et le traitement d’un méningiome ont souvent été considérés comme « guéris ». Cependant, on sait, grâce aux populations cancéreuses, que l’expérience de vivre au-delà de la tumeur et du traitement entraîne des problèmes physiques, cognitifs et psychologiques considérables tout au long de la vie (par exemple, des déficiences neurocognitives et des rôles sociaux perturbés), qui diffèrent souvent des complications aiguës que les patients connaissent pendant le diagnostic et le traitement (par exemple, une fonction physique altérée en raison d’une parésie).
Although it is known that surgery and radiotherapy can improve health related quality (QVLS) and cognitive function in the first year, recent studies have shown that up to a median of 4 years after intervention, patients with meningioma can still suffer from an alteration of QVLS and neurocognitive functioning, as well as an increase in anxiety and depression.
Bien que l’on manque de données sur les effets à long terme du méningiome et de son traitement sur ces résultats, des études sur le gliome de bas grade suggèrent que certaines déficiences et certains déficits ne se manifestent que 5 ans après le traitement. En outre, l’impact sur la participation à la société en termes de productivité au travail est actuellement inconnu.
We therefore sought to assess the long-term morbidity load (≥5 years after their intervention, that is to say the last antitumoral treatment or the initiation of active surveillance by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) of patients with meningioma in terms of QVLS, anxiety and depression, neurocognitive operation and productivity at work. We also evaluated whether these results were affected by the type of treatment received. Better knowledge of long -term survival problems in patients with meningiomas will help manage patient expectations and design long -term care plans for meningiomas, adapted to the physical, psychological and social needs of patients.
Methods
Participants
Dans cette étude transversale multicentrique, des patients consécutifs atteints de méningiome ont été inclus si la fin du traitement antitumoral primaire était au moins 5 ans avant le recrutement, ou en cas de surveillance IRM active, au moins 5 ans après le diagnostic.
Eligible patients had to be 18 years of age or over, with a MEningioma of Grade I or II of WHO confirmed histologically in the event of surgery and a clinically suspected meningioma by MRI in the event of radiotherapy or active monitoring by MRI.
The consecutive patients were recruited in the external clinics of neurosurgery, neurology and radio-oncology of 2 university hospitals and a large non-university university hospital between July 2016 and April 2019. All eligible patients were asked for this study via a letter signed by a member of their treatment team.
Patients were excluded if they had history of whole brain radiotherapy, if they had received a diagnosis of type II neurofibromatosis or any neurodegenerative disease, or if they did not control the Dutch language sufficiently.
Les aidants naturels des patients atteints de méningiome ont été inclus pour la comparaison de la QVLS, de l’anxiété et de la dépression, et de la productivité au travail. Ils étaient éligibles pour participer s’ils étaient le conjoint, un membre de la famille ou un ami proche du patient, s’ils avaient 18 ans ou plus et s’ils fournissaient la majorité du soutien émotionnel ou physique au patient, selon les déclarations de ce dernier. Il n’a pas été possible d’inclure un aidant naturel pour chaque patient, car certains patients n’ont pas été en mesure d’identifier un aidant naturel motivé pour participer à l’étude.
Procedures
This transversal study was approved by the medical ethics committees of all the participating centers (NL54866.029.15), and the participants gave their consent informed before the study procedures. The two questionnaires and the neurocognitive evaluation were administered once the same day, at least 5 years after their last treatment of meningioma. Consequently, the duration of follow -up varies between the last treatment of meningioma and the time of participation in the study. Clinical information on the tumor and processing was obtained from medical records, while socio -demographic information on patients and witnesses were obtained by a structured interview at the start of the assessments.
Questionnaires
Patients have fulfilled questionnaires measuring QVLS, namely health survey 36 (SF-36) and the European organizational questionnaire for research and treatment of cancer, specific brain module (EORTC QLQ-BN20). In addition, patients have completed the hospital's anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and the health and labor questionnaire (SF-HLQ) measuring productivity at work. Informal caregivers have fulfilled the same questionnaires, with the exception of EORTC QLQ-BN20 (additional digital content 1).
Neuropsychological evaluation
A full battery of neuropsychological tests has been administered by nurses or qualified research assistants.
She understood:
- the auditory verbal learning test,
- the concept movement test,
- the memory comparison test,
- the fluidity test of categorical words,
- the substitution test of digital symbols
- The Stroop test on colorful words.
On the basis of these tests, the scores of the following neurocognitive domains were calculated: executive functioning, verbal memory, working memory, psychomotor functioning, speed of information processing and attention.
Statistical analysis
The SF-36 and the QLQ-BN20 EORTC scores were presented for each field or scale/point, respectively, ranging from 0 to 100, the highest scores representing a better QVLS (SF-36) or a larger symptomatology (QLQ-BN20). The total scores for anxiety and depression, measured by the HADS scale, range from 0 to 21 and have been classified into three categories: no anxiety or depression (scores: 0-7), limit (scores: 8-10) and severe (scores: 11-21).
Work productivity has been measured as having a paid job or not and having experienced difficulties at work on 6 items. Unslated SF-36, EORTC QLQ-BN20 raw scores and HADS for patients and witnesses (i.e. natural caregivers) are presented in bar graphs.
The data relating to QVLS (SF-36 only), anxiety and depression, as well as productivity at work have been compared between patients with meningioma and caregivers, after correction of known confusion factors (that is to say age, sex, level of education and comorbidity) using a multivariable regression analysis. As a sensitivity analysis, the QVLS data measured with the SF-36 were also compared between patients with meningioma and the normative data published using a test to a sample.
Pour les données de l’EORTC QLQ-BN20, nous avons effectué un test t à un échantillon pour comparer les données des méningiomes avec les données de base (c’est-à-dire après la chirurgie mais avant tout autre traitement antitumoral) des patients atteints de glioblastome de l’essai AVAglio. Cette comparaison avec la tumeur cérébrale maligne primaire la plus courante a été effectuée pour mettre en contexte la QVLS spécifique à la maladie. Comme les différences minimales cliniquement importantes (MCID) n’étaient pas connues pour les instruments utilisés spécifiquement chez les patients atteints de tumeurs cérébrales, nous avons utilisé les MCID établies précédemment pour d’autres groupes de patients. La MCID a été fixée à 10 points pour les échelles/items du EORTC QLQ-BN20. De même, nous avons fixé la DICM pour les domaines du SF-36 également à 10 points, car la majorité des DICM rapportées pour les différents domaines étaient
In addition, for the calculation of Z scores for each neurocognitive field, the standard and standard deviations (and) of a reference sample of the MAAS study (Maastricht AGING Study; Large longitudinal study on the psychological and biological determinants of cognitive aging) were used, paired in the group for age, sex and level of education. By domain, the differences between Z scores greater than -1.5 were considered clinically relevant. In addition, patients with meningioma and working age have been compared to the Netweet Dutch population of working age (source: Netherlands statistics) in order to compare the percentage of patients with paid employment.
The effects of surgery and radiotherapy have been compared for the SF-36 HRQOL areas and neurocognitive functioning for which patients obtained clinically relevant scores lower than those of witnesses, which limited the number of statistical tests carried out. The propensity score regression analysis was used to adjust potentially relevant confusion factors (for example, age, tumor size, location of the tumor and the grade of Simpson).
An analysis of non-responses was carried out to compare the important clinical and socio-demographic characteristics between patients with meningioma who participated and those who chose not to participate.
For all statistical tests, the SPSS 23 software (IBM, Armonk, New York) was used, and a P of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Demographic data
Au total, 190 patients (femmes : n = 149, 78 %) ont été inclus avec un suivi médian depuis l’intervention de 9 ans (IQR : 7-12 ans). (Table, Figure 1). Les patients étaient âgés en moyenne de 63 ans (écart-type : 12). Les tumeurs étaient situées sur la base du crâne chez 92 patients (48%), sur la convexité cérébrale chez 93 patients (49%), et sur les feuillets du nerf optique ou en intraventriculaire chez 5 patients (3%). La majorité des méningiomes traités chirurgicalement étaient classés au grade I de l’OMS (88%).
Surgery was the first choice of treatment in 168 (88%) patients, 63 of which suffered from a postoperative complication, such as deficits of the cranial nerves (n = 8) or a leak of cerebrospinal fluid (n = 8). A total of 26 (14%) were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy and 13 (7%) per re -expressed. Primary radiotherapy was limited to 10 (5%) patients with tumors from the base of the skull complicated on the anatomical level. In total, 12 patients (6 %) were only followed by active monitoring by MRI without any anti -Tusto treatment. In total, 129 caregivers of patients with meningioma participating in the study were included, as well as the data of 151 participants in the MAAS study.
The analysis of non-responents has shown that patients with participants and non-participating meningioma were similar on important socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, with the exception of age, non-participating patients being slightly older.
Organizational chart of patients and witnesses.
| Patients with meningiomas n = 190 | Informal caregivers (n = 129) | Maas controls (n = 151) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 63 (SD 12) | 61 (13) | 60 (13) |
| Women | 149 (78%) | 47 (36%) | 109 (72%) |
| University hospital | 142 (75%) | ||
| Location of meningioma | |||
| Skull base | 92 (48%) | ||
| Convexity | 93 (49%) | ||
| Other | 5 (3%) | ||
| Presentation symptoms (several possible options per patient) | |||
| Epilepsy | 31 (16%) | ||
| Engine deficit | 28 (15%) | ||
| Sensory deficit | 24 (13%) | ||
| Visual deficit | 51 (27%) | ||
| Cognitive disorders | 14 (7%) | ||
| Headache | 32 (17%) | ||
| Fortuitous discovery | 17 (9%) | ||
| Other | 48 (26%) | ||
| Time since the first symptoms, years | 11 (9-14) | ||
| Time since the diagnosis, years | 10 (8-12) | ||
| Tumor size before intervention, MM | 38 (26-50) | ||
| Tumor size before the study, MM | 0 (0-16) | ||
| Tumor growth on the last MRI before the study | 10 (5%) | ||
| Number of meningiomas | |||
| ≥2 | 26 (14%) | ||
| Active monitoring by MRI | 12 (6%) | ||
| Surgery as initial treatment | 168 (88%) | ||
| Complication first surgery (operated patients: n = 168) | 63 (38%) | ||
| Second surgery | 13 (7%) | ||
| Third surgery | 2 (1%) | ||
| Time since the first operation, years | 9 (7-12) | ||
| Simpson grade (operated patients: n = 168) | |||
| Grade I-III | 109 (65%) | ||
| Grade IV-V | 40 (24%) | ||
| Unknown | 19 (11%) | ||
| Grade WHO (Operated patients: n = 168) | |||
| Grade i | 148 (88%) | ||
| Grade II | 12 (7%) | ||
| Unknown | 8 (5%) | ||
| Radiotherapy | 36 (19%) | ||
| Radiation therapy as an initial treatment | 10 (5%) | ||
| Adjuvant radiotherapy | 26 (14%) | ||
| Time since radiotherapy, years | 8 (6-9) | ||
| Radiation therapy complications (Radiation therapy treatment: n = 36) | 3 (8%) | ||
| Karnofsky performance status at the time of the study | 100 (90-100) | ||
| Self -depressed cognitive deficit at the time of the study | 94 (49%) | ||
| Self -declared engine deficit at the time of the study | 55 (29%) | ||
| Epilepsy in the past 3 months before the study | 8 (4%) | ||
| Use of antiepileptic drugs at any time of the care pathway | 90 (47%) | ||
| Use of dexamethasone for symptoms at any time of the care pathway | 22 (12%) | ||
| Physical rehabilitation | 37 (19%) | ||
| Cognitive rehabilitation | 8 (4%) | ||
| Psychological support | 21 (11%) | ||
| Other support care | 10 (5%) | ||
| Level of education | |||
| Primary/secondary | 40 (21%) | 14 (11%) | 58 (38%) |
| Tertiary: Technique/Professional | 85 (45%) | 55 (43%) | 49 (32%) |
| Academic | 59 (31%) | 57 (44%) | 45 (30%) |
| Not provided | 6 (3%) | 3 (2%) | |
| Comorbidity index of Charlson | |||
| 0 | 127 (67%) | 88 (68%) | |
| 1≥ | 63 (23%) | 41 (32%) | |
| Right -handed | 147 (77%) | 92 (71%) | |
Note. Caregivers and witnesses of the Maas study.
Quality of life related to health (QVLS)
After correction of confusion factors, patients had clinically relevant QVL scores lower than those of witnesses in 2 of the 8 areas of SF-36: role limitations due to physical health problems (corrected difference of 12.5 points, p = 0.008) and role limitations due to emotional health problems (13.3, p = 0.002). In addition, they obtained statistically significant, but not clinically relevant, lower scores for 2 additional areas and 1 component score: social functioning (7.4, p = 0.008), vitality (7.1, p = 0.016) and the mental component (3.8, p = 0.005). No difference was found for the other four areas and the score of the physical component (Figure 2).
In the sensitivity analysis comparing patients with normative data to confusion factors, patients have obtained clinically relevant lower scores for a domain and a component score: role limitations due to physical health problems (unresalized difference of 12.2, p <0.001) and physical component score (5.0, p <0.001). They obtained statistically significant, but not clinically relevant, lower scores in three other fields: physical functioning (5.4, p = 0.004), general health (7.2, p <0.001) and social functioning (5.6, p = 0.005).
En comparant les patients atteints de méningiome avec les patients atteints de glioblastome après une intervention chirurgicale mais n’ayant jamais reçu de chimiothérapie ni de radiothérapie, nous avons constaté que les patients atteints de méningiome avaient des scores statistiquement similaires sur 4/11 échelles/items de l’EORTC QLQ-BN20, montrant une altération de la QVLS : trouble visuel (différence : 2,5, P = 0,078), déficit de communication (-1,8, P = 0,291), maux de tête (2,8, P = 0,296) et perte de cheveux (2,3, P = 0,101). Les différences n’étaient pas cliniquement pertinentes pour ces échelles/points ou pour toute autre échelle/point à l’exception de l’incertitude future, pour laquelle les patients atteints de glioblastome ont rapporté plus d’incertitude (Figure 3).
The scores of the field and the components of the quality of life linked to the health of the SF-36 for patients with meningioma and the witnesses, presented in the form of bar diagrams and absolute scores.
EORCE QLQ-BN20 EORTC scores for patients with meningioma (median 9 years after treatment) and for glioblastoma patients participating in the Avaglio study at the start (that is to say the comparison group for this analysis), presented in the form of bar diagrams and absolute scores.
Anxiety and depression
Les patients souffraient plus fréquemment d’anxiété limite (8 %, n = 15) et sévère (14 %, n = 27), par rapport aux témoins (limite : 6 %, n = 8 ; sévère : 3 %, n = 4 ; globalement P = 0,047, Figure 4). Les patients souffraient également plus fréquemment de dépression limite (9 %, n = 16) et sévère (8 %, n = 15), par rapport aux témoins (limite : 3 %, n = 4 ; sévère : 2 %, n = 2 ; globalement P = 0,099, Figure 4). Par rapport aux témoins, les patients présentaient un risque accru de développer une anxiété limite ou sévère (rapport des chances ou odds ratio (OR) : 2,6, IC 95 % : 1,2-5,7) et une dépression limite ou sévère (OR : 3,7, IC 95 % : 1,3-10,5) après correction des facteurs de confusion.
Percentage of patients and witnesses with limited or serious anxiety or depression, measured using the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Neurocognitive operation
Au total, 43 % (n = 82) des patients souffraient d’un déficit neurocognitif cliniquement pertinent dans au moins un des six domaines mesurés, le plus souvent dans les domaines de la vitesse de traitement de l’information (n = 51, 27 %) et de l’attention (n = 44, 23 %) (voir Figure 5 pour tous les domaines). En outre, 47 (25 %) patients souffraient d’une déficience cliniquement pertinente dans au moins 2 domaines, 32 (17 %) patients dans 3 domaines, 22 (12 %) patients dans 4 domaines, 20 (11 %) patients dans 4 domaines et 7 (4 %) patients dans les 6 domaines.
Percentage of patients with clinically relevant neurocognitive deficit (Z -SCORE difference greater than -1.5 compared to the average of the witnesses), separately for each domain and in at least 1 domain.
Productivity at work
Sur les 190 patients atteints de méningiome, 123 (65%) étaient âgés de 18 à 67 ans et considérés comme étant en âge de travailler. Au moment de l’évaluation, 50 % (62/123) des patients atteints de méningiome avaient un emploi rémunéré, contre 72 % pour la moyenne nette de la population néerlandaise en âge de travailler (P < 0,001). Les raisons invoquées pour ne pas avoir d’emploi rémunéré étaient le fait d’être au foyer (15 % pour les femmes, 0 % pour les hommes) ou un mauvais état de santé (24 % pour les hommes et les femmes). Les patients ont été plus nombreux à signaler des obstacles au travail (46 %) que les témoins (17 %, P = 0,005). Les problèmes suivants au travail ont été signalés comme survenant parfois à toujours (Figure 6) : concentration réduite (74%), rythme de travail plus lent (78%), sentiment d’isolement (22%), retardement du travail (67%), besoin que quelqu’un prenne en charge leur travail (42%) et difficultés à prendre des décisions (59%).
Percentage of patients with meningioma declaring having difficulties with specific work aspects.
Impact of surgery and radiotherapy on QVLS and neurocognition
Patients treated with first -line surgery or radiotherapy have not obtained significantly different results in terms of QVLS or neurocognitive operation compared to patients followed by active MRI. However, the comparison between surgery and radiotherapy as a first -line treatment has shown that patients treated with radiotherapy have obtained significantly less good results in terms of verbal memory (-0.99, 95% CI -1.78 to -0.20).
Similarly, patients receiving additional radiotherapy after surgery have obtained less good results in verbal memory (-0.45, 95 % CI -0.86 to -0.03) than patients treated only by surgery. Patients who have suffered from a complication during their first surgical intervention obtained less good results in terms of attention (-0.78, 95% CI -1.42 to -0.14) compared to patients without complications.
In particular, the need for a second resection for a residual tumor or a recurrence has led to worse scores in terms of executive operating (-0.92, CI95% -1.78 to -0.07), verbal memory (-0.66, CI95% -1.25 to -0.08) and attention (-2.11, CI95% -3.52 to -0.71) Compared to patients who only needed one resection. With the exception of attention in patients requiring a second resection, the differences were not clinically relevant.
DISCUSSION
Key results
Bien que la plupart des patients atteints de méningiomes présentent une tumeur bénigne de grade I selon l’OMS, avec une espérance de vie proche de la normale, et qu’ils soient souvent considérés comme guéris après une intervention, nos résultats montrent clairement que les patients souffrent toujours d’un fardeau important lié à la maladie, même après un suivi médian de 9 ans. De nombreux patients souffrent d’une altération cliniquement pertinente de la QVLS et du fonctionnement neurocognitif, de niveaux plus élevés d’anxiété et de dépression, et de niveaux inférieurs de productivité au travail. Le type de traitement a également eu un impact sur les résultats ; les patients qui ont subi une seule résection avaient un meilleur fonctionnement neurocognitif que ceux qui ont subi des complications chirurgicales, ont été traités par radiothérapie (supplémentaire) ou ont dû subir une nouvelle résection.
Limitations
Due to the transversal observational design of this study, no conclusion can be drawn on a possible improvement or deterioration after treatment and results could suffer from confusion and bias.
In particular for the comparison between patients treated with first -line surgery or radiotherapy, a selection bias could affect the results, because radiotherapy is often reserved for older patients, suffering from comorbidities or with a complicated anatomical location of the tumor. To reduce the impact of confusion factors on our results, especially when analyzing the cohort, we have corrected our analyzes to take into account multiple confusion factors using a multivariable regression analysis and propensity scores. In addition, we have included a limited number of patients with active MRI surveillance or radiotherapy as the only treatment.
Although radiotherapy is supposed to have a negative impact on long -term results, the number of patients included with radiotherapy was too low to detect small significant differences. In addition, we may not take into account the specific quality of life problems for meningiomas, because we used the SF-36, widely used, which allows comparisons with other groups of patients.
Il n’existe pas d’instrument validé de QVLS spécifique aux méningiomes que nous aurions pu utiliser. De plus, comme il n’existe pas de DICM spécifique aux tumeurs cérébrales pour les questionnaires utilisés, nous avons utilisé des DICM plus conservateurs basés sur d’autres populations de patients. Par conséquent, les résultats présentés pourraient être plus conservateurs. Enfin, nous avons utilisé à la fois les aidants naturels et les données normatives comme contrôles pour la QVLS. Comme les aidants naturels sont indirectement affectés par l’évolution de la maladie de leurs proches mais ne souffrent pas directement des mêmes conséquences physiques et neurologiques, nous avons pu évaluer plus précisément l’impact de la tumeur et de son traitement. Les résultats des deux comparaisons ont été assez similaires, montrant que par rapport aux aidants informels ou aux données normatives, les patients ont obtenu des scores cliniquement pertinents plus bas dans plusieurs domaines/composantes du SF-36.
Interpretation
Existing executives for survival issues describe that if, in the acute phase of diagnosis and treatment, we can expect bodily deficiencies, in the longer term, patients mainly experience disturbances in their social roles. Indeed, we have found that patients in the longer term have reported clinically relevant limitations of roles due to physical and emotional health problems, while previous studies have reported deficiencies in cognitive and physical functioning to a median of 6 months and 4 years after surgery. Remarkably, we found that patients with Benin meningioma after long -term follow -up had QVLS scores similar to those with naive glioblastoma and radiotherapy glioblastoma.
Although the 2 groups are not comparable in terms of follow -up after the start of treatment, patients with glioblastoma are often considered to have disabilities in terms of QVLS. To replace the results in the context of major surgery in conditions not linked to the SNC, which can also have a huge long-term impact on the functioning and well-being of patients, patients with meningioma reported a physical and mental QVLS lower than that of patients of the same age having undergone an aorto-coronary puncture, and a lower mental QVLS but more than patients undergoing a total hip prosthesis. No neuropsychological alteration was reported in patients with meningioma up to a median of 3 years after the intervention.
In patients with low -grade glioma, these deficits could only appear after more than 10 years of follow -up. Indeed, we found that neurocognitive deficits were present in more than 40% of patients with meningioma. The limited data published on anxiety and depression describe that around 10% to 15% of patients with meningioma suffer from severe depression or anxiety, before and 6 months after surgery. It seems that this percentage does not decrease over time because we have found percentages of patients at risk of depression or severe anxiety by 8% and 14%, respectively. In addition, we have found that patients have less often a paid job than the Dutch population paired by age, because they were identified as home people (female patients 15%, male patients 0%) or due to poor health (male and female patients: 24%).
Par rapport aux patients atteints de prolactinome, une autre lésion intracrânienne bénigne touchant principalement les femmes, les patients atteints de méningiome en âge de travailler avaient moins souvent un emploi rémunéré (patients atteints de méningiome : 50% ; patients atteints de prolactinome : 80%). De même, les patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein n’ont pas d’emploi rémunéré en raison de leurs problèmes de santé et moins souvent parce qu’elles étaient au foyer. Bien qu’ils n’aient pas été mesurés dans le temps, nous avons constaté que les patients traités par une seule intervention chirurgicale ont rapporté une meilleure QVLS et un meilleur fonctionnement neurocognitif par rapport aux patients traités principalement par radiothérapie ou par radiothérapie supplémentaire ou par résection. Des études longitudinales antérieures sur des patients atteints de méningiome ont rapporté une amélioration mais non une normalisation du fonctionnement neurocognitif et de la QVLS après la chirurgie.
Patients treated with radiotherapy showed an improvement in QVLS in the first 6 months after irradiation, with deterioration to the levels before irradiation after 2 years. A single study (n = 18) compared the effects of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with meningioma, not reporting any difference in QVLS. However, monitoring limited to 1 year has prevented the evaluation of a possible long -term neurotoxicity of radiotherapy.
Generalizable results
We believe that our results can be generalized, because the number of missing data was very limited (all assessments were carried out on the same day), patients were recruited in university and non-university hospitals in the Netherlands, and because our analysis of non-response has shown that our study population was representative of the general population of meningiomas.
The generalization of the study to other countries could be hampered by the differences between health care environments and the impact of cultural differences on results such as quality of life.
CONCLUSION
Although the continuous improvement of surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of meningiomas has led to an increase in the number of long -term survivors, there were little things about the survival problems of these patients.
Les résultats de cette étude montrent que le fardeau de la maladie à long terme est considérable. Cette information est importante pour informer correctement les prestataires de soins de santé et les patients sur les séquelles à long terme de la tumeur et du traitement. Cela permet de gérer correctement les attentes et de développer des plans de soins pour les survivants à long terme, en se concentrant sur les déficiences à long terme identifiées.
Finally, the results of this study can be used as a reference for the comparison of multiple results centered on the long -term patient when evaluating new treatment methods. The possible determinants of the long -term morbidity load are an important subject and should be explored in more detail in future studies.
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